Causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation in children

Infection

Bacteria – Meningococcus, gram-positive and -negative bacterial sepsis

Virus – HIV, varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, Dengue fever, Ebola virus

Fungal – Candida, Aspergillus

Rickettsia – Rocky Mountain Spotted fever

Malaria

Injury

Brain injury

Crush injury

Massive burns

Extensive surgery

Malignancy

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Microangiopathic disorders

Giant hemangioma – Kasabach-Merritt syndrome

Gastrointestinal disease

Acute and chronic liver disease

Reye syndrome

Neonatal causes

Birth asphyxia

Respiratory distress syndrome

Meconium aspiration

Amniotic fluid aspiration

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Congenital infections – Neonatal cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, bacterial or fungal infections

Congenital thrombotic disorders

Homozygous deficiencies of proteins C and S

Antithrombin III deficiency

Courtesy of Wendy Wong, MD, and Bertil Glader, MD, PhD.

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