Version May 2024
| Diagnostic test | Appropriate samples | Comments |
| Viral culture |
| Samples should be placed in viral transport medium and transported on ice. Results available in 2 to 7 days for most serotypes, but up to 28 days for subgroup D serotypes (which cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis). All adenovirus serotypes except 40 and 41 cause characteristic CPE in human epithelial cell lines and human embryonic kidney cells. |
| Viral antigen assays (eg, adenovirus-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunofluorescence assay) |
| Results available in less than 30 minutes. Specific, but less sensitive than viral culture for respiratory secretions. Test of choice for adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41 (which cause infantile gastroenteritis); adjunct to viral culture for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (more rapid results for subgroup D serotypes). |
| Polymerase chain reaction |
| Rapid diagnosis of adenovirus infection in immunocompromised patients and other hospitalized patients. |
| Histopathologic studies |
| Adenoviruses cause characteristic intranuclear inclusions; should be performed in conjunction with viral culture because histopathologic changes may be nonspecific, especially during the early stage of adenovirus infection. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, or electron microscopy can be used to definitively identify adenoviruses in tissue sections. |
| Serology |
| Adenovirus-specific IgM antibody suggests acute infection. Fourfold or greater rise in adenovirus-specific IgG antibodies confirms recent infection. |
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