General examination |
- Heart, lungs, abdomen (to rule out visceral source)
- Skin lesions (clue to psoriatic arthritis or SAPHO syndrome)
- Ocular exam (uveitis, conjunctivitis suggestive of spondyloarthropathy)
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Musculoskeletal examination |
- Cervical spine
- Shoulders
- Thoracic spine
- Localized tenderness
- Mobility
- Chest expansion
- Lumbar spine
- Forward flexion
- Sacroiliac tenderness to compression
- Tender points
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Chest wall examination |
- Observation
- Localized swelling, particularly costochondral junctions
- Palpation
- Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
- Sternum and xiphoid costochondral junctions
- Costovertebral joints
- Maneuvers
- Crowing rooster maneuver
- Horizontal arm flexion
- Hooking maneuver
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