Absolute |
The need for emergent intubation (eg, cardiac or respiratory arrest, severe respiratory distress, unstable cardiac arrhythmia) |
Relative |
Nonrespiratory organ failure that is acutely life-threatening
|
Facial or neurological surgery, trauma, or deformity |
Significant airway obstruction (eg, laryngeal mass or tracheal tumor) |
Inability to cooperate (eg, mask intolerance) or protect airway (eg, active vomiting, unable to clear secretions, severe swallowing disorder) |
Anticipated prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation (eg, ≥4 to 7 days)
|
GCS: Glasgow Coma Score.
* Esophageal or gastric distension from air may increase the risk of anastomotic dehiscence.