Signal transduction pathways involved in T cell activation

The provision of antigen specific, costimulatory, and cytokine signals leads to T cell activation. A number of pathways exist that transduce signals from the surface of the T cell to the nucleus. The end result of signal transduction is the transcription of mRNAs that code for a variety of pro-inflammatory proteins. The numbered steps depict sites at which various immunosuppressive agents act: 1, Cyclosporine; 2, Tacrolimus (FK506); 3, Rapamycin; 4, Corticosteroid.

APC: antigen-presenting cell; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; TCR: T-cell receptor; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IkappaB: inhibitors of kB; JAK-STAT: Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription; TK: tyrosine kinase; PLC-gamma: phospholipase C gamma; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T cells; PIP: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; IP3: inositol triphosphate; DAG: diacylglycerol; PKC: protein kinase C; FKBP: FK506 binding protein; IL-2r: interleukin-2R.

Graphic 60611 Version 2.0

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Signal transduction pathways involved in T cell activation