Mechanical low back pain | Lumbar strain | Degenerative disease - Discs (spondylosis)
- Facet joints (osteoarthritis)
| Spondylolisthesis | Herniated disc | Spinal stenosis | Osteoporosis | Fractures | Congenital disease - Severe kyphosis
- Severe scoliosis
- Possible type II or type IV transitional vertebra*
| Possible spondylolysis | Possible facet joint asymmetry | | Nonmechanical spine disease | Neoplasia - Multiple myeloma
- Metastatic carcinoma
- Lymphoma and leukemia
- Spinal cord tumors
- Retroperitoneal tumors
| Infection - Osteomyelitis
- Septic discitis
- Paraspinous abscess
- Epidural abscess
| Inflammatory arthritis (often HLA-B27-associated) - Ankylosing spondylitis
- Psoriatic spondylitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
| Scheuermann disease (osteochondrosis) | Paget disease | | Visceral disease | Pelvic organs - Prostatitis
- Endometriosis
- Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
| Renal disease - Nephrolithiasis
- Pyelonephritis
- Perinephric abscess
| Aortic aneurysm | Gastrointestinal disease - Pancreatitis
- Cholecystitis
- Penetrating ulcer
| Fat herniation of lumbar space | |