Version June 2024
| Condition | Clinical clues |
| Varicella (primary infection with varicella-zoster virus) | Most common in children <10 years of age; children usually do not have a viral prodrome. |
| Disseminated herpes zoster | Immunocompromised or elderly persons; rash looks like varicella, usually begins in dermatomal distribution. |
| Impetigo (Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus) | Honey-colored crusted plaques with bullae are classic but may begin as vesicles; regional not disseminated rash; patients generally not ill. |
| Drug eruptions | Exposure to medications; rash often generalized. |
| Contact dermatitis | Itching; contact with possible allergens; rash often localized in pattern suggesting external contact. |
| Erythema multiforme minor | Target, "bull's eye," or iris lesions; often follows recurrent herpes simplex virus infections; may involve (hands and feet including palms and soles). |
| Erythema multiforme (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome) | Major form involves mucous membranes and conjunctivae; may be target lesions or vesicles. |
| Enteroviral infection, particularly hand, foot, and mouth disease | Summer and fall; fever and mild pharyngitis 1 to 2 days before rash onset; lesions initially maculopapular but evolve into whitish-grey, tender, flat, often oval vesicles; peripheral distribution (hands, feet, mouth, or disseminated). |
| Disseminated herpes simplex | Lesions indistinguishable from varicella; immunocompromised host. |
| Scabies; insect bites (including fleas) | Itching is a major symptom; patient is not febrile and is otherwise well. |
| Molluscum contagiosum | May disseminate in immunosuppressed persons; can occur anywhere on the body; presents as small, raised, and usually white, pink, or flesh-colored lesions with a dimple or pit in the center. |
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