Causes of hypergastrinemia

Cause	Relative gastrin level
Decreased acid production
Chronic atrophic gastritis - type A
Pernicious anemia	++++
Other immunologic associations (eg, vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease, diabetes mellitus)	+
Chronic atrophic gastritis - type B (eg, H. pylori-induced)	++
Renal insufficiency	+
Gastrin cell hyperplasia	+ or ++
Antisecretory therapy
H2 blockers	+
Proton pump inhibitors	++
Truncal vagotomy	+
Increased acid production
Gastrinoma	++++
Other tumors (ovarian cancer, pheochromocytoma)	+ or ++
Massive small bowel resection	+ or ++
Retained gastric antrum	++
Antral G cell hyperplasia	++
Gastric outlet obstruction	+

Graphic 60819 Version 3.0