Perfect | Good | Equivocal | Acute infection <4 weeks | Chronic infection >4 weeks | Cuff infection without exit infection | |
Pain/tenderness | None | None | None | May be present | Only if exacerbation | May be present over cuff |
Color | Natural, pale pink or dark | Natural, pale pink, purplish or dark, bright pink <13 mm | Bright pink or red <13 mm | Bright pink or red >13 mm | Bright pink or red >13 mm only if exacerbation | Natural, pale pink, purplish or dark, bright pink |
Crust | None or small, easily detached or specks of crust on dressing | None or small, easily detached or specks of crust on dressing | Present, may be large and difficult to detach | Present | Present, may be difficult to detach | Typically absent |
Scab | None | None | None | May be present | May be present | Absent |
Drainage | None | None | None even with pressure on sinus; dried exudate on dressing | Purulent or bloody, spontaneous or after pressure on sinus; wet exudate on dressing | Purulent or bloody, wet exudate on dressing | Chronic or intermittent |
Purulent, bloody, tenacious or "gluey" | ||||||
Swelling | None | None | None | May be present | Occurs only if exacerbation | Cuff induration may be felt on palpation; negative ultrasound does not rule out the diagnosis |
Granulation tissue | None | None | Plain or slightly exuberant | Slightly exuberant or "proud flesh" may be present | "Proud flesh" or slightly exuberant typically visible | None |
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