Age-related causes and clinical characteristics of intrinsic shoulder pain

Age	Disorder	Clinical characteristics
Adolescents and young adults	Overuse injuries	Pain and loss of function associated with a particular athletic activity
	Acromioclavicular sprain	Focal pain over acromioclavicular joint; history of trauma
	Shoulder instability	Minor trauma, high risk of recurrence
Middle-aged and older individuals	Rotator cuff tendinopathy or impingement syndrome	Pain, difficulty with active abduction and external rotation, pain at night, crepitus may be felt with lifting arm beyond 60° in impingement syndrome
	Rotator cuff tears	Pain and inability to actively abduct the arm, passive abduction is preserved
	Subacromial bursitis or inflammatory synovitis	Features resemble rotator cuff tendinopathy, may be seen with rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, or crystal-induced arthritis
	Adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)	Pain, stiffness, and marked loss of shoulder motion; risk factors include diabetes mellitus and prolonged immobilization
	Bicipital tendinitis	Pain and tenderness anteriorly within the bicipital groove
	Osteoarthritis	Associated with damage to the rotator cuff, rheumatoid arthritis, or chondrocalcinosis
	Myofascial pain	Diffuse soft tissue tenderness in the shoulder region and over the chest wall

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