Neoplastic (common in adults) |
Lymphoma |
Other cancers (see text) |
Lymphangiomyomatosis |
Carcinoid tumors |
Kaposi's sarcoma |
Cirrhosis (common in adults) |
Congenital (common in children) |
Primary lymphatic hypoplasia |
Yellow nail syndrome |
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome |
Primary lymphatic hyperplasia |
Bilateral hyperplasia |
Intestinal lymphangiectasia |
Postoperative |
Abdominal aneurysm repair |
Retroperitoneal node dissection |
Catheter placement for peritoneal dialysis |
Inferior vena cava resection |
Laparoscopic nissen fundoplication |
Laparoscopic nephrectomy |
Other causes |
Right heart failure |
Dilated cardiomyopathy |
Nephrotic syndrome |
Calcium channel blockers |