Examples of acute persistent visual loss by anatomy

Media problems

Keratitis

• Infectious or noninfectious

Corneal edema

• Acute glaucoma

Hyphema

• Spontaneous or traumatic

Alterations in crystalline lens

• Thickening, clouding, or dislocation

Uveitis

Vitreous hemorrhage

• Spontaneous or traumatic

Retina problems

Retinal vascular occlusion (CRAO, CRVO)

Retinal detachment

Acute maculopathy

Problems of the neural visual pathway

Optic neuropathy

• Ischemia, inflammatory, or infectious process

Papilledema

• Elevated intracranial pressure

Chiasmal disorders

• Pituitary apoplexy

Retrochiasmal disorders

• Brain lesions in the visual pathway

• Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy (PRES)

Other considerations

Trauma as a cause of many of the above

Acute glaucoma

• Vision loss due to corneal edema and/or optic nerve ischemia in the setting of severely elevated intraocular pressure

Functional visual loss

CRAO: central retinal artery occlusion; CRVO: central retinal vein occlusion; PRES: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

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