Clinical manifestations of lung disease in scleroderma

Disease	Symptoms	Signs
Pulmonary fibrosis	Dyspnea Dry cough	Chest expansion Basal crepitations (rales) Clubbing (late, very uncommon)
Pulmonary hypertension	Dyspnea Ankle edema	Loud P2 Right ventricular heave
Pleural involvement	Pleuritic chest pain Dyspnea	Pleural rub Pleural effusion (rare)
Bronchiectasis	Cough with purulent sputum Dyspnea	Basal crepitations
Spontaneous pneumothorax	Chest pain Dyspnea	Resonant percussion Reduced breath sounds
Lung cancer (scar type), especially alveolar cell	Cough Hemoptysis	Possible signs of collapse
Respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle involvement	Dyspnea Reduced chest expansion	Hypoventilation

Graphic 62662 Version 3.0

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