Inotropic agents in heart failure

Digitalis

Digoxin (predominantly oral; intravenous form available)

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

Milrinone (intravenous)

Enoximone* (intravenous)

Calcium-sensitizing agents

Levosimendan* (intravenous)

Pimobendan* (oral)

Beta-receptor agonists

High-dose dopamine (intravenous)

Dobutamine (intravenous)

The administration route approved for treatment of selected patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is shown.

* Not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Available in countries outside the United States.

Graphic 63265 Version 5.0

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