Version June 2024
| Plain radiograph | Ultrasonography | Computed tomography | MRI | Radionuclide bone scan | Arthrography | |
| Acute transient synovitis | May demonstrate effusion¶ | May demonstrate effusion¶ | NA | May demonstrate joint effusion and synovial inflammation (with contrast enhancement)¶ | NA | NA |
| Septic arthritis | May demonstrate effusion¶ | May demonstrate effusion¶ May guide aspiration | NA | May demonstrate joint effusion and synovial inflammation (with contrast enhancement)¶ Bone marrow edema is suggestive of septic arthritis but not always present May identify adjacent osteomyelitis | May suggest adjacent osteomyelitis | NA |
| Osteomyelitis | Usually normal in the early stages Bone destruction and/or joint effusion in advanced cases | NA | NA | May demonstrate bone marrow edema and joint effusion | May facilitate diagnosis in children with normal plain films and poorly localized symptoms | NA |
| Developmental coxa vara | Demonstrates decreased femoral neck-shaft angle (<120°), vertical orientation, and widening of the physis | NA | NA | Preoperative planning (demonstrates the relationship between the acetabulum and femoral head, neck, and shaft) | NA | NA |
| Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease | Diagnosis, classification, and follow-up May be normal early in disease, but subsequently demonstrates sclerosis, fragmentation, and subchondral collapse of the ossification center of the femoral head | Adjunct to other imaging modalities | Early diagnosis of bone collapse and definition of anatomyΔ | Facilitates early diagnosis (bone marrow edema) Evaluation of complications (femoral head subluxation; physeal abnormalities) Contrast enhanced MRI facilitates staging (avascular or revascularization and reparative) | May facilitate early diagnosis if plain films are normal; scintigraphic changes (decreased uptake in the femoral head) precede plain radiographic findings by about three months | Conventional arthrography: Surgical planning in advanced disease MRA: Assessment for complications |
| Neuromuscular hip dysplasia | Demonstrates valgus deformity, abnormal shape and location of the femoral head, and dysplastic changes in acetabulum | NA | Preoperative planning | NA | NA | NA |
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