Organism | Preferred antimicrobial(s) | Alternative antimicrobial(s) |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | ||
| Penicillin G, amoxicillin | Macrolide, cephalosporins (oral [cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefdinir] or parenteral [cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime]), clindamycin, doxycycline, respiratory fluoroquinolone¶ |
| Agents chosen on the basis of susceptibility, including cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, fluoroquinolone | Vancomycin, linezolid, high-dose amoxicillin (3 g/day with penicillin MIC ≤4 mcg/mL) |
Haemophilus influenzae | ||
| Amoxicillin | Fluoroquinolone, doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycinΔ |
| Second- or third-generation cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanate | Fluoroquinolone, doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycinΔ |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae/Chlamydophila pneumoniae | Macrolide, a tetracycline | Fluoroquinolone |
Legionella species | Fluoroquinolone, azithromycin | Doxycycline |
Chlamydophila psittaci | A tetracycline | Macrolide |
Coxiella burnetii | A tetracycline | Macrolide |
Francisella tularensis | Doxycycline | Gentamicin, streptomycin |
Yersinia pestis | Streptomycin, gentamicin | Doxycycline, fluoroquinolone |
Bacillus anthracis (inhalation) | Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline (usually with second agent) | Other fluoroquinolones; beta-lactam, if susceptible; rifampin; clindamycin; chloramphenicol |
Enterobacteriaceae | Third-generation cephalosporin, carbapenem◊ (drug of choice if extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producer) | Beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor§, fluoroquinolone |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Antipseudomonal beta-lactam¥ plus (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin‡ or aminoglycoside) | Aminoglycoside plus (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin‡) |
Burkholderia pseudomallei | Carbapenem, ceftazidime | Fluoroquinolone, TMP-SMX |
Acinetobacter species | Carbapenem | Cephalosporin-aminoglycoside, ampicillin-sulbactam, colistin |
Staphylococcus aureus | ||
| Antistaphylococcal penicillin† | Cefazolin, clindamycin |
| Vancomycin or linezolid | TMP-SMX |
Bordetella pertussis | Macrolide | TMP-SMX |
Anaerobe (aspiration) | Beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor§, clindamycin | Carbapenem |
Influenza virus | Refer to associated topic reviews** | |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Isoniazid plus rifampin plus ethambutol plus pyrazinamide | Depends on susceptibility pattern; refer to associated topic reviews |
Coccidioides species | For uncomplicated infection in a normal host, no therapy generally recommended; for therapy, itraconazole, fluconazole | Amphotericin B |
Histoplasmosis | Itraconazole¶¶ | Amphotericin B¶¶ |
Blastomycosis | Itraconazole¶¶ | Amphotericin B¶¶ |
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