| Intrinsic | | Idiopathic degenerative disorder | | Ischemic heart disease | | Chronic ischemia | | Acute myocardial infarction | | Hypertensive heart disease | | Cardiomyopathy | | Trauma | | Surgery for congenital heart disease | | Heart transplant | | Inflammation | | Collagen vascular disease | | Rheumatic fever | | Pericarditis | | Infection | | Viral myocarditis | | Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorfer I) | | Neuromuscular disorder | | Friedreich ataxia | | X-linked muscular dystrophy | | Familial disorder | | | Extrinsic | | Drugs | | Antiarrhythmic agents | | Class IA - quinidine, procainamide | | Class IC - propafenone, flecainide | | Class II - β-blockers | | Class III - sotalol, amiodarone, dronedarone | | Class IV - diltiazem, verapamil | | Cardiac glycosides | | Antihypertensive agents | | Clonidine, reserpine, methyldopa | | Antipsychotic agents | | Lithium, phenothiazines, amitriptyline | | Autonomically mediated | | Vasovagal syncope (cardioinhibitory) | | Carotid sinus hypersensitivity | | Hypothyroidism | | Intracranial hypertension | | Hypothermia | | Hyperkalemia | | Hypoxia | | Anorexia nervosa | |
