| Increased brain (megalencephaly) | Increased blood |
Anatomic: - Leukodystrophies (eg, Alexander disease, Canavan disease, megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy)
- Lysosomal diseases (eg, Tay-Sachs, mucopolysaccharidosis, gangliosidosis)
- Organic acid disorders (eg, glutaric aciduria)
| - Hemorrhage (intraventricular, subdural, epidural, subarachnoid)
- Arteriovenous malformation
|
| Increased bone |
- Bone marrow expansion (eg, thalassemia major)
- Primary bone disorders (eg, skeletal and cranial dysplasias such as achondroplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, cleidocranial dysostosis, metaphyseal dysplasia, osteopetrosis, hyperphosphatasia)
|
| Increased intracranial pressure |
- Idiopathic (pseudotumor cerebri)
- Infection or inflammation (eg, meningitis)
- Toxins (eg, lead)
- Metabolic abnormalities (eg, vitamin A deficiency or excess, galactosemia)
|
| Increased cerebrospinal fluid | Mass lesions |
- Hydrocephalus*
- Benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space
- Hydranencephaly
- Choroid plexus papilloma
| - Intracranial cyst
- Intracranial tumor
- Intracranial abscess
|
