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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Good predictors identified in the literature as indicators of intrauterine retention time

Good predictors identified in the literature as indicators of intrauterine retention time
  External fetal and cord examination Placenta and cord histological examination Histologic fetal gross features
≥4 h     Kidney: cortical tubular nuclear loss of basophilia*
≥6 h Cord discoloration (brown or red) Intravascular karyorrhexis  
Desquamation ≥1 cm
≥12 h Desquamation face, back, abdomen Cord vascular smooth muscleΔ  
≥18 h Desquamation ≥5 percent of the body    
Desquamation 2 or more of 11 zones
≥24 h Skin color brown or tan   Liver: hepatocyte, nuclear loss of basophilia
Myocardium: inner half loss of nuclear basophilia
≥36 h   Stem villous vessels luminal abnormalities (5 percent)  
≥48 h   Stem villous vascular lumen abnormalities Myocardium: outer half maximal loss of nuclear basophilia
Multifocally (25 percent)
≥96 h     Bronchus: loss of epithelial nuclear basophilia
≥1 wk     Liver: maximal loss of nuclear basophilia
Gastrointestinal tract: maximal loss of nuclear basophilia
Trachea: chondrocyte loss of nuclear basophilia
Adrenal maximal loss of nuclear basophilia
≥2 wk Mummification (any) The stem villous vascular lumen abnormalities  
"Extensively"
Extensive villous fibrosis
≥4 wk     Kidney: maximal loss of nuclear basophilia
h: hours; wk: weeks.
* Loss of nuclear basophilia means at least 1 percent of nuclei totally pink.
¶ Because 36 percent of placenta lacked it when the delivery range was 24 to 36 hours, Jacques concluded that the absence of intravascular karyorrhexis cannot exclude time intervals as long as 36 hours.
Δ Pyknosis in the smooth muscle cells in the media of the arteries and veins (positive if >1 percent), loss of cohesion with small dark pyknotic or wavy nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm, and presence of multi-lobed nuclei resembling neutrophils (this appearance has been termed pseudovasculitis).
Scalp, face, neck, chest, abdomen, back, arms, hands, leg, foot, and scrotum.
Reproduced with permission from: Marchetti D, Belviso M, Marino M, Gaudio R. Evaluation of the placenta in a stillborn fetus to estimate the time of death. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2007; 28:38. Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Graphic 66529 Version 9.0

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