External fetal and cord examination | Placenta and cord histological examination | Histologic fetal gross features | |
≥4 h | Kidney: cortical tubular nuclear loss of basophilia* | ||
≥6 h | Cord discoloration (brown or red) | Intravascular karyorrhexis¶ | |
Desquamation ≥1 cm | |||
≥12 h | Desquamation face, back, abdomen | Cord vascular smooth muscleΔ | |
≥18 h | Desquamation ≥5 percent of the body | ||
Desquamation 2 or more of 11 zones◊ | |||
≥24 h | Skin color brown or tan | Liver: hepatocyte, nuclear loss of basophilia | |
Myocardium: inner half loss of nuclear basophilia | |||
≥36 h | Stem villous vessels luminal abnormalities (5 percent) | ||
≥48 h | Stem villous vascular lumen abnormalities | Myocardium: outer half maximal loss of nuclear basophilia | |
Multifocally (25 percent) | |||
≥96 h | Bronchus: loss of epithelial nuclear basophilia | ||
≥1 wk | Liver: maximal loss of nuclear basophilia | ||
Gastrointestinal tract: maximal loss of nuclear basophilia | |||
Trachea: chondrocyte loss of nuclear basophilia | |||
Adrenal maximal loss of nuclear basophilia | |||
≥2 wk | Mummification (any) | The stem villous vascular lumen abnormalities | |
"Extensively" | |||
Extensive villous fibrosis | |||
≥4 wk | Kidney: maximal loss of nuclear basophilia |
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