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تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Clinical features of syncope that suggest a cause

Clinical features of syncope that suggest a cause
Neurally mediated syncope:
Absence of heart disease
Long history of recurrent syncope
After sudden unexpected unpleasant sight, sound, smell, or pain
Prolonged standing or crowded, hot places
Nausea, vomiting associated with syncope
During a meal or postprandial
With head rotation or pressure on carotid sinus (as in tumors, shaving, tight collars)
After exertion
Syncope due to OH:
After standing up
Temporal relationship with start or changes of dose of vasodepressive drugs leading to hypotension
Prolonged standing, especially in crowded, hot places
Presence of autonomic neuropathy or Parkinsonism
Standing after exertion
Cardiovascular syncope:
Presence of definite structural heart disease
Family history of unexplained sudden death or channelopathy
During exertion or supine
Abnormal ECG
Sudden onset palpitation immediately followed by syncope
ECG findings suggesting arrhythmic syncope:
  • Bifascicular block (defined as either LBBB or RBBB combined with left anterior or left posterior fascicular block)
  • Other intraventricluar conduction abnormalities (QRS duration ≥0.12 s)
  • Mobitz I second-degree AV block
  • Asymptomatic inappropriate sinus bradycardia (<50 bpm), sinoatrial block or sinus pause ≥3 s in the absence of negatively chronotropic medications
  • Nonsustained VT
  • Preexcited QRS complexes
  • Long or short QT intervals
  • Early repolarization
  • RBBB pattern with ST elevation in leads V1 to V3 (Brugada syndrome)
  • Negative T waves in right precordial leads, epsilon waves and ventricular late potentials suggestive of ARVC
  • Q waves suggesting myocardial infarction
OH: orthostatic hypotension; ECG: electrocardiogram; LBBB: left bundle branch block; RBBB: right bundle branch block; AV: atrioventricular; bpm: beats per minute; VT: ventricular tachycardia; ARVC: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Reproduced with permission from: European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2009): the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Syncope of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2009; 30:2631. Copyright © 2009 Oxford University Press.
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