Version May 2024
| Muscle | Proximal attachment | Distal attachment | Innervation* | Main action |
| Thenar muscles | ||||
| Opponens pollicis | Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium | Lateral side of first metacarpal | Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1) | To oppose thumb, it draws first metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially |
| Abductor pollicis brevis | Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb | Abducts thumb; helps oppose it | ||
| Flexor pollicis brevis | Flexes thumb | |||
| Superficial head | Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm | |||
| Deep head | Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) | |||
| Adductor pollicis | Bases of second and third metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals | Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb | ||
| Oblique head | ||||
| Transverse head | Anterior surface of shaft of third metacarpal | |||
| Hypothenar muscles | ||||
| Abductor digiti minimi | Pisiform | Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of fifth finger | Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) | Abducts fifth finger; assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx |
| Flexor digiti minimi brevis | Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum | Flexes proximal phalanx of fifth finger | ||
| Opponens digiti minimi | Medial border of fifth metacarpal | Draws fifth metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing fifth finger into opposition with thumb | ||
| Short muscles | ||||
| Lumbricals | Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles) | Lateral sides of extensor expansions of second through fifth fingers | Median nerve (C8, T1) | Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints of second through fifth fingers |
| First and second | ||||
| Third and fourth | Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles) | Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) | ||
| Dorsal interossei, first through fourth | Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles) | Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of second through fourth fingers | Abduct second through fourth fingers from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints | |
| Palmar interossei, first through third | Palmar surfaces of second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals (as unipennate muscles) | Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of second, fourth, and fifth fingers | Adduct second, fourth, and fifth fingers toward axial line; assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints; extensor expansions of second-fourth fingers | |
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