| Acute | | Asthma | | Bronchiolitis* | | Laryngotracheobronchitis¶ | | Atypical infection (Mycoplasma pneumonia)Δ | | Bacterial tracheitis | | Foreign body aspiration¶ | | Esophageal foreign body | | | Chronic or recurrent | | Structural abnormalities | | Tracheo-bronchomalacia* | | Vascular compression/rings* | | Tracheal stenosis/webs* | | Cystic lesions/masses | | Tumors/lymphadenopathy | | Cardiomegaly | | Functional abnormalities | | Asthma | | Gastroesophageal reflux | | Recurrent aspiration | | Cystic fibrosis | | Immunodeficiency | | Primary ciliary dyskinesia | | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | | Retained foreign body (trachea or esophagus) | | Bronchiolitis obliterans | | Pulmonary edema | | Inducible laryngeal obstruction (vocal cord dysfunction)Δ | | Interstitial lung disease | |
