Version June 2024
| Noncardiovascular |
| Reflex mechanisms |
| Vasovagal and vasodepressor syncope (neurocardiogenic syncope) |
| Micturition |
| Deglutition |
| Cough |
| Orthostatic hypotension |
| Dysautonomias |
| Fluid depletion |
| Illness, bedrest, deconditioning |
| Drugs - antidepressants, sympathetic blockers |
| Psychogenic |
| Hysterical |
| Panic disorder |
| Anxiety disorder |
| Undiagnosed seizures |
| Improperly diagnosed syncope - confusional states, eg, due to hypoglycemia, stroke |
| Drug-induced loss of consciousness (consider alcohol, illicit drugs) |
| Cardiovascular disease |
| Arrhythmic causes |
| AV block with bradycardia (structural changes, drugs) |
| Sinus pauses/bradycardia (vagal causes, sick sinus syndrome, negative chronotropic drugs such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers) |
| Ventricular tachycardia due to structural heart disease |
| Nonarrhythmic causes |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| Aortic stenosis |
| Syncope of unknown origin |
| About 50 percent of patients presenting to the hospital |
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