Normal echocardiography values for prosthetic mitral valves

Valve	Size	Peak gradient (mmHg)	Mean gradient (mmHg)	Peak velocity (m/s)	Pressure half-time (ms)	Effective orifice area (cm²)
Biocor Stentless bioprosthesis	27	13 ± 1
	29	14 ± 2.5
	31	11.5 ± 0.5
	33	12 ± 0.5
Bioflo pericardial Stented bioprosthesis	25	10 ± 2	6.3 ± 1.5			2 ± 0.1
	27	9.5 ± 2.6	5.4 ± 1.2			2 ± 0.3
	29	5 ± 2.8	3.6 ± 1			2.4 ± 0.2
	31	4.0	2.0			2.3
Bjork-Shiley Tilting disc	23			1.7	115
	25	12 ± 4	6 ± 2	1.75 ± 0.38	99 ± 27	1.72 ± 0.6
	27	10 ± 4	5 ± 2	1.6 ± 0.49	89 ± 28	1.81 ± 0.54
	29	7.83 ± 2.93	2.83 ± 1.27	1.37 ± 0.25	79 ± 17	2.1 ± 0.43
	31	6 ± 3	2 ± 1.9	1.41 ± 0.26	70 ± 14	2.2 ± 0.3
Bjork-Shiley monostrut Tilting disc	23		5.0	1.9
	25	13 ± 2.5	5.57 ± 2.3	1.8 ± 0.3
	27	12 ± 2.5	4.53 ± 2.2	1.7 ± 0.4
	29	13 ± 3	4.26 ± 1.6	1.6 ± 0.3
	31	14 ± 4.5	4.9 ± 1.6	1.7 ± 0.3
Carbomedics Bileaflet	23			1.9 ± 0.1	126 ± 7
	25	10.3 ± 2.3	3.6 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 0.1	93 ± 8	2.9 ± 0.8
	27	8.79 ± 3.46	3.46 ± 1.03	1.61 ± 0.3	89 ± 20	2.9 ± 0.75
	29	8.78 ± 2.9	3.39 ± 0.97	1.52 ± 0.3	88 ± 17	2.3 ± 0.4
	31	8.87 ± 2.34	3.32 ± 0.87	1.61 ± 0.29	92 ± 24	2.8 ± 1.14
	33	8.8 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 2.5	1.5 ± 0.2	93 ± 12
Carpentier-Edwards Stented bioprosthesis	27		6 ± 2	1.7 ± 0.3	98 ± 28
	29		4.7 ± 2	1.76 ± 0.27	92 ± 14
	31		4.4 ± 2	1.54 ± 0.15	92 ± 19
	33		6 ± 3		93 ± 12
Carpentier-Edwards pericardial Stented bioprosthesis	27		3.6	1.6	100
	29		5.25 ± 2.36	1.67 ± 0.3	110 ± 15
	31		4.05 ± 0.83	1.53 ± 0.1	90 ± 11
	33		1.0	0.8	80
Duromedics Bileaflet	27	13 ± 6	5 ± 3	1.61 ± 0.4	75 ± 12
	29	10 ± 4	3 ± 1	1.40 ± 0.25	85 ± 22
	31	10.5 ± 4.33	3.3 ± 1.36	1.38 ± 0.27	81 ± 12
	33	11.2	2.5		85
Hancock I or not specified Stented bioprosthesis	27	10 ± 4	5 ± 2			1.3 ± 0.8
	29	7 ± 3	2.46 ± 0.79		115 ± 20	1.5 ± 0.2
	31	4 ± 0.86	4.86 ± 1.69		95 ± 17	1.6 ± 0.2
	33	3 ± 2	3.87 ± 2		90 ± 12	1.9 ± 0.2
Hancock II Stented bioprosthesis	27					2.21 ± 0.14
	29					2.77 ± 0.11
	31					2.84 ± 0.1
	33					3.15 ± 0.22
Hancock pericardial Stented bioprosthesis	29		2.61 ± 1.39	1.42 ± 0.14	105 ± 36
Hancock pericardial Stented bioprosthesis	31		3.57 ± 1.02	1.51 ± 0.27	81 ± 23
Ionescu-Shiley Stented bioprosthesis	25		4.87 ± 1.08	1.43 ± 0.15	93 ± 11
	27		3.21 ± 0.82	1.31 ± 0.24	100 ± 28
	29		3.22 ± 0.57	1.38 ± 0.2	85 ± 8
	31		3.63 ± 0.9	1.45 ± 0.06	100 ± 36
Ionescu-Shiley low profile Stented bioprosthesis	29		3.31 ± 0.96	1.36 ± 0.25	80 ± 30
Ionescu-Shiley low profile Stented bioprosthesis	31		2.74 ± 0.37	1.33 ± 0.14	79 ± 15
Labcor-Santiago pericardial Stented bioprosthesis	25	8.7	4.5		97	2.2
	27	5.6 ± 2.3	2.8 ± 1.5		85 ± 18	2.12 ± 0.48
	29	6.2 ± 2.1	3 ± 1.3		80 ± 34	2.11 ± 0.73
Lillehei-Kaster Tilting disc	18			1.7	140
	20			1.7	67
	22			1.56 ± 0.09	94 ± 22
	25			1.38 ± 0.27	124 ± 46
Medtronic-Hall Tilting disc	27			1.4	78
	29			1.57 ± 0.1	69 ± 15
	31			1.45 ± 0.12	77 ± 17
Medtronic intact porcine Stented bioprosthesis	29		3.5 ± 0.51	1.6 ± 0.22
	31		4.2 ± 1.44	1.6 ± 0.26
	33		4 ± 1.3	1.4 ± 0.24
	35		3.2 ± 1.77	1.3 ± 0.5
Mitroflow Stented bioprosthesis	25		6.9	2.0	90
	27		3.07 ± 0.91	1.5	90 ± 20
	29		3.5 ± 1.65	1.43 ± 0.29	102 ± 21
	31		3.85 ± 0.81	1.32 ± 0.26	91 ± 22
Omnicarbon Tilting disc	23		8.0
	25		6.05 ± 1.81	1.77 ± 0.24	102 ± 16
	27		4.89 ± 2.05	1.63 ± 0.36	105 ± 33
	29		4.93 ± 2.16	1.56 ± 0.27	120 ± 40
	31		4.18 ± 1.4	1.3 ± 0.23	134 ± 31
	33		4 ±2
On-X Bileaflet	25	11.5 ± 3.2	5.3 ± 2.1			1.9 ± 1.1
	27-29	10.3 ± 4.5	4.5 ± 1.6			2.2 ± 0.5
	31-33	9.8 ± 3.8	4.8 ± 2.4			2.5 ± 1.1
Sorin Allcarbon Tilting disc	25	15 ± 3	5 ± 1	2 ± 0.2	105 ± 29	2.2 ± 0.6
	27	13 ± 2	4 ±1	1.8 ± 0.1	89 ± 14	2.5 ± 0.5
	29	10 ± 2	4 ±1	1.6 ± 0.2	85 ± 23	2.8 ± 0.7
	31	9 ± 1	4 ±1	1.6 ± 0.1	88 ± 27	2.8 ± 0.9
Sorin Bicarbon Bileaflet	25	15 ± 0.25	4 ± 0.5	1.95 ± 0.02	70 ± 1
	27	11 ± 2.75	4 ± 0.5	1.65 ± 0.21	82 ± 20
	29	12 ± 3	4 ± 1.25	1.73 ± 0.22	80 ± 14
	31	10 ± 1.5	4 ± 1	1.66 ± 0.11	83 ± 14
St. Jude Medical Bileaflet	23		4.0	1.5	160	1.0
	25		2.5 ± 1	1.34 ± 1.12	75 ± 4	1.35 ± 0.17
	27	11 ± 4	5 ± 1.82	1.61 ± 0.29	75 ± 10	1.67 ± 0.17
	29	10 ± 3	4.15 ± 1.8	1.57 ± 0.29	85 ± 10	1.75 ± 0.24
	31	12 ± 6	4.46 ± 2.22	1.59 ± 0.33	74 ± 13	2.03 ± 0.32
Starr-Edwards Caged ball	26		10.0			1.4
	28		7 ± 2.75			1.9 ± 0.57
	30	12.2 ± 4.6	6.99 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	125 ± 25	1.65 ± 0.4
	32	11.5 ± 4.2	5.08 ± 2.5	1.7 ± 0.3	110 ± 25	1.98 ± 0.4
	34		5.0			2.6
Stentless quadrileaflet bovine pericardial Stentless bioprosthesis	26		2.2 ± 1.7	1.6	103 ± 31	1.7
	28			1.58 ± 0.25		1.7 ± 0.6
	30			1.42 ± 0.32		2.3 ± 0.4
Wessex Stented bioprosthesis	29		3.69 ± 0.61	1.66 ± 0.17	83 ± 19
Wessex Stented bioprosthesis	31		3.31 ± 0.83	1.41 ± 0.25	80 ± 21

Reproduced from: Zoghbi WA, Chambers JB, Bumesnil JG, et al. Recommendations for evaluation of prosthetic valves with echocardiography and doppler ultrasound: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Prosthetic Valves, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Cardiovascular Imaging Committee, Cardiac Imaging Committee of the American Heart Association, the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography, endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association, European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, the Japanese Society of Echocardiography, and Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22:975. Table used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Normal echocardiography values for prosthetic mitral valves