Test | Method | Measurement | Interpretation |
Virulence for mice | Intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension to observe the death rate of mice | 50 percent lethal dose: LD50 (CFU) | Highly virulent: ≤103 CFU |
Moderate virulence: 104-105 CFU | |||
Low virulence: 106-107CFU | |||
No virulence: ≥108 CFU | |||
Phagocytosis: macrophage adherence assay | Human or mouse macrophage are mixed with bacteria to quantify ingesting cells | Percent of 100 macrophages containing attached or ingested bacteria | Low-level binding: 2 to 3 percent |
High-level binding: 8 to 13 percent | |||
Serum resistance assay | Nonimmune human serum are incubated with bacteria to determine colony count at serial hours | Survival curve (the average survival ratio against time) | Bacteria that actively proliferate in serum are resistant to serum killing |
Whole blood resistance | Incubate fresh mouse blood with bacterial suspension | Survival of bacteria in blood |
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