Bilateral vertical gaze center or rostral interstitial nuclei of the MLF |
Down-sized saccadic palsy |
Paralysis of upward and downward saccades |
Bilateral pretectal lesions or midline lesions of the posterior commissure |
Paresis of upward gaze |
Unilateral lesions of the riMLF (the vertical gaze center) |
Mild defects in vertical saccades |
Combined up- and downgaze palsies |
Unilateral mesencephalic lesions |
Bilateral upgaze palsy |
Palsy of upward and downward saccades |
Palsy of upward and downward pursuit and vestibular movements |
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