Version June 2024
| Acquired |
| Vessel injury* |
| Traumatic |
| Iatrogenic |
| Femoral catheterization |
| Post-surgical |
| Following biopsy |
| Hemodialysis vascular access |
| Lumbar spine surgery (leading to aortocaval or iliocaval fistula) |
| Infection |
| Malignancy |
| Congenital |
| Patent ductus arteriosus |
| Pulmonary AV fistula (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) |
| Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome |
| Central nervous system or vertebral fistulas |
| Angiomas |
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