To obtain emergency consultation with a medical toxicologist, in the United States, call 1-800-222-1222, or the nearest international regional poison center. | |||
Common name | Genus and species | Toxicity | Emergency management* |
Pokeweed | Phytolacca americana | Severe gastroenteritis, hypovolemic shock, lymphocytosis |
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Castor bean | Ricinus communis | Severe gastroenteritis, GI hemorrhage, hemolysis, shock |
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Jequirity bean | Abrus precatorius | Severe gastroenteritis, GI hemorrhage, shock, seizures, demyelinating encephalopathy |
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Autumn crocus | Colchicum autumnale | Delayed gastroenteritis, multisystem organ failure |
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May apple | Podophyllum peltatum | GI mucosal necrosis, coma, polyneuropathy |
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Lily of the valley | Convallaria majalis | Brady- and tachyarrhythmias, gastroenteritis, weakness, hyperkalemia |
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Foxglove | Digitalis purpurea | ||
Oleander | Nerium oleander | ||
Yellow oleander | Thevetia peruviana | ||
Azalea | Azalea (multiple species) | Bradycardia, hypotension, gastroenteritis, blurred vision, dizziness, altered mental status |
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Rhododendron | Rhododendron (multiple species) | ||
Death camus | Zigadenus species | ||
Mountain laurel | Kalmia latifolia | ||
Monkshood | Aconitum (multiple species) | Ventricular arrhythmias, gastroenteritis, paresthesias, numbness, weakness, diaphoresis, altered mental status |
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False hellebore | Veratrum album | Bradycardia, hypotension, gastroenteritis, paresthesias, syncope, transient blindness, seizures |
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Yew | Taxus baccata | AV block, ventricular arrhythmias, gastroenteritis, seizures, coma |
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Poison hemlock | Conium maculatum | Nicotinic toxicity: Salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, wheezing, diaphoresis, small pupils, muscle fasciculations, muscle weakness, paralysis, coma, seizures |
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Wild tobacco | Nicotiana tabacum | ||
Indian tobacco | Lobelia inflata | ||
Blue wild or blue false indigo | Baptisia australis | ||
Golden chain | Laburnum anagyroides | ||
Golden chain tree | Cytisus laburnum | ||
Jimson weed | Datura stramonium | Anticholinergic toxicity: Tachycardia, flushing, hot and dry skin, dilated pupils and blurry vision, disorientation, bizarre behavior, paranoia, delirium hallucinations, seizures, decreased bowel sounds, urinary retention |
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Angel trumpet | Brugmansia (multiple species) | ||
Deadly nightshade | Atropa belladonna | ||
Henbane | Hyoscyamus niger | ||
Bitter lupin or chocho | Lupinus (multiple species) | ||
Water hemlock | Cicuta (multiple species) | Severe and recurrent seizures, vomiting, abdominal pain, diaphoresis, bronchorrhea, salivation, flushing, bradycardia, hypotension, delirium |
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Water dropwort | Oenanthe crocata | ||
Morning glory | Ipomea violacea | LSD effects: Visual hallucinations, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, flashbacks |
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Baby or Hawaiian woodrose | Argyreia nervosa | ||
Large woodrose or Spanish morning glory | Merremia tuberosa | ||
Peyote | Lopophora williamsii | ||
Pits or seeds from cherry, apricot, peach, plum, pear, apple | Prunus (multiple species) | Cyanide toxicity: Cherry red skin, tachycardia, tachypnea, ventricular arrhythmias, coma, seizures, vomiting, abdominal pain, severe lactic acidosis |
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GI: gastrointestinal; Fab: antibody fragments; IV: intravenous; AV: atrioventricular; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; LSD: lysergic acid diethylamide.
* All patients with symptomatic ingestion of highly toxic plants warrant administration of oral activated charcoal, fluid repletion, and supportive care of airway, breathing, and circulation.
¶ Although digoxin-specific Fab fragments will bind plant cardiac glycosides, doses higher than typically given for digoxin poisoning may be necessary. Refer to UpToDate topics on digitalis (cardiac glycoside) poisoning.
Δ Physostigmine may provide diagnostic confirmation of anticholinergic poisoning and is indicated for patients with hyperthermia, life-threatening tachyarrhythmias, or seizures. Physostigmine should not be given to patients with widened QRS on electrocardiogram or those who have co-ingested agents with sodium channel blocking effects (eg, quinidine, cyclic antidepressants).
◊ When giving phenobarbital with benzodiazepines, anticipate apnea and perform emergency endotracheal intubation as needed. Water hemlock and water dropwort may cause seizures that are difficult to control and recur despite treatment with benzodiazepines and phenobarbital. Administration of phenytoin or fosphenytoin should be avoided. (Refer to "Management of status epilepticus in children.")آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟