Version May 2024
| Renal |
| Glomerular disease |
| Renal parenchymal disease |
| Obstructive uropathy |
| Renovascular disease |
| Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| Renal vascular trauma |
| Polycystic kidney disease |
| Renal tumors (eg, Wilms tumor) |
| Acute kidney failure |
| Endocrine |
| Pheochromocytoma |
| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
| Primary aldosteronism |
| Cushing syndrome |
| Hyperthyroidism |
| Neurologic |
| Increased intracranial pressure (eg, head trauma, brain tumor) |
| Familial dysautonomia |
| Guillain-Barre syndrome |
| Poliomyelitis |
| Cerebral hemorrhage or infarction |
| Cardiovascular |
| Coarctation of the aorta |
| Drug induced/toxicologic |
| Sympathomimetics (eg, cocaine, amphetamines, pseudoephedrine, PCP, ephedra-containing nutraceuticals, caffeine) |
| Serotonin syndrome |
| Anabolic steroids |
| Corticosteroids |
| Oral contraceptives |
| Clonidine withdrawal |
| Miscellaneous |
| Primary hypertension |
| Neuroblastoma |
| Acute intermittent porphyria |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
| Neurofibromatosis |
| Tuberous sclerosis |
| Volume overload |
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