Version May 2024
| Involuntary weight loss with increased appetite |
| Hyperthyroidism |
| Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
| Malabsorption syndromes |
| Marked increase in physical activity |
| Involuntary weight loss with decreased appetite |
| Medical disorders |
| Malignancy (particularly gastrointestinal, lung, lymphoma, renal, and prostate cancers) |
| Gastrointestinal diseases (including peptic ulcer disease, malabsorption, diabetic enteropathy, dysphagia, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, Zenker's diverticulum, paraesophageal hernia) |
| Endocrine diseases (hyperthyroidism, diabetes, adrenal insufficiency) |
| Infectious diseases (HIV, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, chronic fungal or bacterial disease, chronic helminth infection, lung abscess) |
| Severe heart, lung, or kidney disease (cardiac cachexia from heart failure; pulmonary cachexia from severe obstructive or restrictive lung disease; renal failure, nephrotic sydrome, chronic glomerulonephritis) |
| Neurological diseases (stroke, dementia, dysphagia, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) |
| Noninfectious chronic inflammatory diseases (sarcoidosis, severe rheumatoid arthritis, giant cell vasculitis) |
| Psychiatric disorders |
| Affective disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder) |
| Food-related delusional manifestations of other psychiatric disorders |
| Drugs |
| Alcohol |
| Opiates |
| Amphetamines and cocaine |
| Drug withdrawal syndromes (withdrawal after chronic high-dose psychotropic medications or cannabis) |
| Adverse effects of prescription drugs (topiramate, zonisamide, SSRIs, levodopa, digoxin, metformin, exenatide, liraglutide, NSAIDS, and anticancer and antiretroviral drugs) |
| Herbal and other nonprescription drugs (5-hydroxytryptophan, aloe, caffeine, cascara, chitosan, chromium, dandelion, ephedra, garcinia, glucomannan, guarana, guar gum, herbal diuretics, nicotine, pyruvate, St. John's wort) |
| Voluntary weight loss |
| Drugs |
| Prescription drugs used for treating obesity (rimonabant, orlistat, phentermine, sibutramine, metformin, bupropion) |
| Prescription drugs occasionally abused for weight loss effects (amphetamines and derivatives, thyroid hormone) |
| Herbal and other nonprescription drugs (5-hydroxytryptophan, aloe, caffeine, cascara, chitosan, chromium, dandelion, ephedra, garcinia, glucomannan, guarana, guar gum, herbal diuretics, nicotine, pyruvate, St. John's wort) |
| Dieting |
| Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa |
| Chronic vigorous exercise, usually combined with dieting (eg, distance runners, ballet dancers, gymnasts) |
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