Musculoskeletal |
Flexion contractures of the knees and hips |
Hip dislocation |
Pelvic deformity |
Equinovarus, calcaneovarus |
Absent fibula |
Scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis |
Absence of or bifid/fused ribs |
Syndactyly, polydactyly, absent radii |
Pierre Robin syndrome |
Gastrointestinal |
Anorectal malformations |
Tracheoesophageal fistulae |
Abdominal wall defects |
Malrotation of gut |
Duodenal/colonic atresia |
Inguinal hernia |
Genitourinary |
Renal agenesis and dysplasia |
Nonspecific hydronephrosis |
Dilated ureters |
Ectopic ureters |
Vesicoureteral reflux |
Fused kidneys |
Absent bladder |
Vesical/cloacal exstrophy |
Rectovaginal and rectourethral fistulae |
Transposition of external genitalia |
Hypospadias |
Ureteral atresia |
Central nervous |
Myelomeningocele |
Hydrocephalus |
Ventriculomegaly |
Miscellaneous |
Congenital heart defects |
Facial clefts |
Strabismus |
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