Methods to distinguish from ADHD | |
Developmental abnormalities or variations | |
Intellectual disability | Psychometric testing |
Giftedness | Psychometric testing |
Normal variation | History |
Neurologic or developmental disorders | |
Learning disability | Psychometric testing |
Language or communication disorder | Psychological testing; speech and language evaluation |
Autism spectrum disorders | History; structured observation |
Neurodevelopmental syndromes (eg, fetal alcohol syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy) | History; examination; genetic testing |
Seizure disorder | History; electroencephalography if clinically indicated |
Sequelae of central nervous system trauma or infection | History |
Motor coordination disorder | History; examination; occupational therapy evaluation |
Emotional/behavioral disorders | |
Depression or mood disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
Anxiety disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
Oppositional defiant disorder | Broadband behavior scale; mental health evaluation |
Conduct disorder | Broadband behavior scale; mental health evaluation |
Obsessive compulsive disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
Posttraumatic stress disorder | Broadband behavior or specific condition rating scale; mental health evaluation |
Adjustment disorder | Broadband behavior scale; mental health evaluation |
Psychosocial or environmental problems | |
Child abuse or neglect | Medical history; psychosocial history; examination |
Stressful home environment | Psychosocial history |
Inadequate or punitive parenting | Psychosocial history |
Parental psychopathology or substance abuse | Psychosocial history |
Inappropriate educational setting | Symptoms occur at school but not at home |
Frequent school absence | Psychosocial history |
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) | |
Examples of ACEs that can lead to a prolonged stress response ("toxic stress") include: | |
Physical/emotional abuse | Psychosocial history |
Chronic neglect | Psychosocial history |
Chronic family hardship | Psychosocial history |
Family mental illness | Psychosocial history |
Community violence | Psychosocial history |
Selected medical conditions | |
Hearing or vision impairment | Hearing and vision screen |
Sleep disorder | History; sleep study as indicated by clinical findings |
Iron deficiency anemia | Complete blood count and other hematologic studies as indicated |
Lead poisoning | Measurement of blood lead level |
Endocrine disorders (eg, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus) | Laboratory studies as indicated by clinical findings |
Cardiac disorders (eg, heart failure) | Medical history; echocardiograph/pediatric cardiology consultation as indicated |
Substance abuse | History; toxicology screening |
Food allergy | History; allergy testing as indicated |
Undernutrition | Assessment of growth parameters |
Medication side effects | History |
ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
* These conditions may mimic or co-occur with ADHD.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟