Version July 2025
| Unreplaced water loss (which requires an impairment in either thirst or access to water) |
| Insensible and sweat losses |
| Gastrointestinal losses |
| Arginine vasopressin deficiency or resistance (central or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) |
| Osmotic diuresis |
| Glucose in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus |
| Urea in high-protein tube feedings or recovery from azotemia |
| Mannitol |
| Hypothalamic lesions impairing thirst or osmoreceptor function |
| Primary hypodipsia |
| Reset osmostat in mineralocorticoid excess |
| Water loss into cells |
| Severe exercise or seizures |
| Sodium overload |
| Intake or administration of hypertonic sodium solutions |
| ICU-acquired positive solute balance |
