Version May 2024
| Stroke type | Clinical course | Risk factors | Other clues |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | Gradual onset and progression during minutes or hours in most patients, but may present abruptly with maximal deficit at onset. | Hypertension, trauma, bleeding diatheses, illicit drugs (eg, amphetamines, cocaine), vascular malformations. More common in Black people and Asian people than in White people. | May be precipitated by sex or other physical activity. Patient may have reduced alertness. |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Abrupt onset of sudden, severe headache. Focal brain dysfunction less common than with other types. | Smoking, hypertension, moderate to heavy alcohol use, genetic susceptibility (eg, polycystic kidney disease, family history of subarachnoid hemorrhage) and sympathomimetic drugs (eg, cocaine) | May be precipitated by sex or other physical activity. Patient may have reduced alertness. |
| Ischemic (thrombotic) | Stuttering progression with periods of improvement. Lacunes develop over hours or at most a few days; large artery ischemia may evolve over longer periods. | Atherosclerotic risk factors (age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, etc). Males affected more commonly than females. May have history of TIA. | May have neck bruit. |
| Ischemic (embolic) | Sudden onset with deficit maximal at onset. Clinical findings may improve quickly. | Atherosclerotic risk factors as listed above. Males affected more commonly than females. History of heart disease (valvular, atrial fibrillation, endocarditis). | Can be precipitated by getting up at night to urinate or sudden coughing or sneezing. |
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