Distribution of serum CK in different population groups

Sex and ancestry	N	Age	BMI	Serum CK distribution			>ULN (N %)*
Sex and ancestry	N	Age	BMI	2.5^thpercentile	Median	97.5^th percentile	>ULN (N %)*
All subjects^¶	1411	45 (7)	27 (5)	40	111	460	508 (36)
Women	831	45 (7)	28 (6)	36	95	349	304 (37)
Men	580	46 (7)	26 (4)	51	143	616	204 (35)
White subjects	503	48 (7)	26 (5)	35	88	286	64 (13)
Women	252	47 (7)	26 (5)	29	72	201	21 (8)
Men	251	48 (7)	26 (4)	47	110	322	43 (17)
South Asian subjects	270	44 (6)	27 (5)	40	104	382	62 (23)
Women	147	45 (6)	27 (5)	37	87	313	23 (16)
Men	123	44 (6)	26 (5)	47	143	641	39 (32)
Black subjects	570	44 (6)	28 (5)	51	149	627	278 (49)
Women	387	43 (6)	29 (6)	48	124	414	164 (42)
Men	183	44 (6)	26 (4)	71	213	801	114 (62)

Data for age and body mass index (BMI) are means (SD). Data are rounded to the nearest integer. CK is expressed as international units per liter.

CK: creatine kinase; BMI: body mass index; ULN: upper limit of normal.
* Number (percentage) of participants with a CK above the ULN, as recommended by the manufacturer (140 international units/L for women, 174 international units/L for men; with appropriately established reference intervals, 2.5% of the subjects are expected to have values above the ULN).
¶ Including participants of "other" ancestry (n = 68), with the exclusion of outliers (n = 3, 1 South Asian participants and 2 Black participants) and those using statins (n = 30, 21 South Asian participants, 8 Black participants, and 1 of other ancestry).

Reproduced with permission from: Brewster, LM, Mairuhu, G, Sturk, A, van Montfrans, GA. Distribution of creatine kinase in the general population: Implications for statin therapy. Am Heart J 2007; 154:655. Copyright ©2007 Elsevier.

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Distribution of serum CK in different population groups