Chemical quality standards for water used in hemodialysis applications in the United States

Contaminant	Maximum concentration (mg/L)
Substances normally included in dialysate
Calcium	2 (0.1 mEq/L)
Magnesium	4 (0.3 mEq/L)
Potassium	8 (0.2 mEq/L)
Sodium	70 (3.0 mEq/L)
Substances regulated by the Safe Water Drinking Act
Antimony	0.006
Arsenic	0.005
Barium	0.1
Beryllium	0.0004
Cadmium	0.001
Chromium	0.014
Mercury	0.0002
Selenium	0.09
Silver	0.005
Thallium	0.002
Substances known to be toxic in hemodialysis
Aluminum	0.01
Total chlorine*	0.1
Copper	0.1
Fluoride	0.2
Lead	0.005
Nitrate (as N)	2.0
Sulfate	100
Zinc	0.1

AAMI: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.

* A maximum allowable level for total chlorine of 0.1 mg/L replaces the separate maximum allowable levels for free chlorine and chloramine included in versions of the AAMI water quality standard published before 2011.

Data from: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Water for Hemodialysis and Related Therapies, ANSI/AAMI/ISO 13959:2009, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, Arlington, VA 2011.

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Chemical quality standards for water used in hemodialysis applications in the United States