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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
نسخه الکترونیک
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Conditions associated with secondary immunodeficiency

Conditions associated with secondary immunodeficiency
Immunosuppressive therapy
Cytotoxic chemotherapy for malignancy
Treatment of autoimmune disease
Bone marrow ablation prior to transplantation
Treatment or prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation
Treatment of rejection following solid organ transplantation
Microbial infection
Viral infection
HIV, AIDS
Measles
Herpes group viruses (HSV-1 or 2, EBV, CMV, VZV)
Bacterial infection (superantigens)
Mycobacterial infection
Parasitic infestation
Malignancy
Hodgkin disease
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Multiple myeloma
Solid tumors
Disorders of biochemical homeostasis
Diabetes mellitus
Kidney insufficiency/dialysis
Hepatic insufficiency/cirrhosis
Malnutrition
Autoimmune disease
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Trauma
Burns
Environmental exposure
Radiation
Ionizing
Ultraviolet
Toxic chemicals
Other
Pregnancy
Stress*
Asplenia/hyposplenism
Allogeneic blood transfusion
Aging

AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CMV: cytomegalovirus; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HSV-1 and 2: herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2; VZV: varicella-zoster virus.

* Stress has been most commonly associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections and reactivation of herpes viruses, perhaps due to the effects of the endogenous stress cortisol response on the immune system.

¶ Aging has been associated with relative immunodeficiency, with reductions in cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses. Refer to the UpToDate topic on immune function in older adults.
Graphic 71244 Version 8.0

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