Drugs associated with gynecomastia

Most of the drugs that are listed are based on anecdotal reports and do not have high-quality evidence supporting a cause-and-effect relationship. Using evidence-based criteria, there is good evidence of a true association with estrogens, spironolactone, cimetidine, ketoconazole, growth hormone, gonadotropins, antiandrogen therapies, and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Drugs with fair evidence include first-generation and atypical antipsychotics in adults, calcium channel blockers, omeprazole, HIV drugs, alkylating agents, anabolic steroids, alcohol, opioids,^[1] and statins.^[2]