Failed airway algorithm

ETT: endotracheal tube.

* Should a surgical airway be needed in these circumstances, one attempt at tracheal intubation using video or direct laryngoscopy may be performed, provided preparations for a surgical airway occur simultaneously.

¶ Needle cricothyrotomy may be performed on patients of any age but is preferable to surgical cricothyrotomy in infants and children up to 10 to 12 years of age because it is easier to perform with less potential damage to the airway. For older patients, surgical cricothyrotomy is typically chosen. For a description of these procedures, refer to UpToDate content on needle and surgical cricothyrotomy.

Δ Placement of an extraglottic device is contraindicated in the setting of severe hypopharyngeal pathology, such as epiglottitis.

◊ In neonates, a cuffed ETT is suggested, but an uncuffed endotracheal tube is acceptable.