Version May 2024
| Increased fluid losses |
| Gastrointestinal or renal losses |
| Gastrointestinal illness |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Diabetes insipidus |
| Dehydration |
| Insensible losses |
| Burns |
| Febrile illness |
| Increased sweating |
| Cystic fibrosis |
| Congenital heart disease |
| Impaired heat dissipation |
| Ectodermal dysplasia |
| Hyperthyroidism |
| Spinal cord lesions |
| Impaired thirst mechanism |
| Young children |
| Children with developmental delay |
| Impaired temperature regulation |
| Anorexia nervosa |
| Congenital or acquired brain injury with impaired hypothalamic function |
| Environmental risk factors |
| High heat index |
| Poor preparation (lack of heat acclimatization, inadequate prehydration, lack of sleep or rest, or poor fitness) |
| Excessive physical exertion |
| Insufficient rehydration |
| Clothing or equipment that causes excessive heat retention |
| Other or multiple mechanisms |
| Obesity |
| Prescribed medications* |
| Drug abuse¶ |
| Juvenile hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease) |
| Prepubescent age |
| Sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait |
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