Version May 2024
| Primary or congenital |
| Genetic, such as polychondritis |
| Idiopathic "giant trachea" or Mounier-Kuhn |
| Secondary or acquired |
| Posttraumatic |
| Postintubation |
| Posttracheostomy |
| External chest trauma |
| Post-lung transplantation |
| Chronic inflammation/lung disease |
| Relapsing polychondritis |
| Emphysema |
| Chronic infection/bronchitis/aspiration |
| Bronchiectasis/cystic fibrosis |
| Interstitial lung disease |
| Chronic external compression of the trachea |
| Malignancy |
| Benign tumors |
| Cysts |
| Abscesses |
| Aortic aneurysm |
| Vascular rings, previously undiagnosed in childhood |
| Miscellaneous |
| Mustard gas |
| Foreign body |
| Gastroesophageal disease |
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