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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
نسخه الکترونیک
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Major causes of amenorrhea due to abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

Major causes of amenorrhea due to abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
Abnormality Causes
Hypothalamic dysfunction Isolated GnRH deficiency
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
  • Weight loss, eating disorders (eg, anorexia nervosa)
  • Excessive exercise (including but not exclusively: running, ballet dancing, figure skating, gymnastics)
  • Stress
  • Severe or prolonged illness
Inflammatory or infiltrative diseases
Brain tumors – eg, craniopharyngioma
Cranial irradiation
Traumatic brain injury
Other syndromes – Prader-Willi, Laurence-Moon-Biedl, leptin mutations
Pituitary dysfunction Hyperprolactinemia, including lactotroph adenomas
Other pituitary tumors – acromegaly, corticotroph adenomas (Cushing's disease)
Other tumors – meningioma, germinoma, glioma
Genetic causes of hypopituitarism
Empty sella syndrome
Pituitary infarct or apoplexy
Ovarian dysfunction Primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure)
  • Turner syndrome, fragile X permutation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, somatic chromosomal defects, autoimmune, idiopathic
Other Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2
Exogenous androgen use
HPO: hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian; GnRH: gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
Graphic 73995 Version 13.0

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