Symptoms and signs of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors at presentation

Symptom, percent

Sign, percent

Cerebral hemisphere

Headache, 33

Mental change, 17

Difficulty walking, 13

Nausea/vomiting, 11

Unconsciousness, 2

Dysphagia, 2

Dizziness, 2

Mental status change, 31

Seizures, 6

- Focal, 6

- General, 3

Sensory disturbance, 6

Diabetes insipidus, 2

Hemiparesis, 1

Cranial nerves

Diplopia, 20

Hearing loss, 8

Visual loss, 6

Facial numbness, 6

Decreased hearing, 3

Tinnitus, 2

Hoarseness, 2

Dysphagia, 1

Vertigo, 1

Oculomotor paresis (III, IV, VI), 20

Facial weakness (VII), 18

Diminished hearing (VIII), 9

Optic neuropathy (II), 6

Trigeminal neuropathy (V), 6

Hypoglossal neuropathy (XII), 6

Blindness (II), 3

Diminished gag reflex (IX, X), 3

Spinal roots, meninges

Weakness, 37

Paresthesias, 34

Back/neck pain, 21

Radicular pain, 26

Bladder/bowel dysfunction, 13

Reflex asymmetry, 71

Motor weakness, 60

Sensory loss, 27

Pain on straight leg raising, 12

Decreased rectal tone, 11

Nuchal rigidity, 7

Symptoms_and_signs_LM.htm

Adapted with data from: Wasserstrom W, Glass JP, Posner JB. Diagnosis and treatment of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: Experience with 90 patients. Cancer 1982; 49:759. Percentages based on entire series.

Graphic 74299 Version 3.0

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Symptoms and signs of leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors at presentation