In-vitro experiments on human gallbladders with direct perpendicular exposure of the gallbladder mucosa to a laser

The laser fiber tip has created a narrow channel penetrating the wall up to the serosa.

From: Lingenfelser TH, Routschka A, Grossman T, et al. Flashlamp exited pulsed dye laser and electrohydraulic lithotripsy: In vitro study on tissue effects. J Stone Dis 1993; 5:118. Copyright © 1993 Futrua Publishing Company, Inc.

Graphic 74446 Version 3.0