Version July 2025
| Genital tract disorders | Trauma |
| Uterus | Sexual intercourse |
| Benign conditions: | Sexual abuse |
| Foreign bodies (including intrauterine device) |
| Pelvic trauma (eg, motor vehicle accident) |
| Straddle injuries |
| Cesarean scar defect (prior cesarean delivery) |
| Drugs |
| Cancer: | Contraception: |
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| Infection: | Postmenopausal hormone therapy |
| Anticoagulants |
| Tamoxifen |
| Ovulatory dysfunction | Corticosteroids |
| Cervix | Chemotherapy |
| Benign conditions: | Phenytoin |
| Antipsychotic drugs |
| Antibiotics (eg, due to toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens-Johnson syndrome) |
| Systemic disease |
| Cancer: | Diseases involving the vulva: |
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| Infection: |
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| Vulva |
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| Benign conditions: |
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| Bleeding disorders: |
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| Cancer |
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| Vagina |
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| Benign conditions: | Thyroid disease |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome |
| Cushing syndrome |
| Hormone-secreting adrenal and ovarian tumors |
| Cancer | Renal disease |
| Vaginitis/infection: | Emotional or physical stress |
| Smoking |
| Excessive exercise |
| Diseases not affecting the genital tract |
| Upper genital tract disease | Urethral disease (eg, urethral prolapse, atrophic urethral changes, urethritis) |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | Bladder cancer |
| Fallopian tube cancer | Urinary tract infection |
| Ovarian cancer | Colorectal cancer |
| Pregnancy complications | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| Pregnancy complications are discussed in related UpToDate content | Hemorrhoids |
| Other | |
| Endometriosis |
