The effect of age on cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity

Study in Swedish battery workers showing the influence of age on the relation between urine cadmium excretion and tubular injury (as manifested by the prevalence of beta2-microglobulinemia). A 10% prevalence of tubular proteinuria was associated with a urine cadmium level of approximately 2 nanomoles/mmol creatinine in subjects 60 years or older versus 4 to 5 nanomol/mmol creatinine in younger subjects.