Version May 2024
| Inherited states of target cell resistance |
| Leprechaunism (insulin-receptor mutations) |
| Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (insulin-receptor mutations) |
| Type A syndrome of insulin resistance (insulin-receptor mutations in some, unknown signaling defect in most) |
| Some lipodystrophies |
| Secondary insulin resistance |
| Obesity (free fatty acids and adipocytokines may contribute) |
| Stress, infection due to excess counterregulatory hormones (cortisol, catecholamines, growth hormone, glucagon) |
| Medications (eg, glucocorticoids, HIV antiretrovirals, oral contraceptives) |
| Inactivity |
| Pregnancy (placental lactogen) |
| Immune mediated (anti-insulin antibodies, anti-insulin receptor antibodies in type B syndrome) |
| Miscellaneous (starvation, uremia, cirrhosis, ketoacidosis) |
| Consequences of insulin resistance |
| Most cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Cardiovascular disease, hypertension |
| Polycystic ovary syndrome |
| Metabolic syndrome |
| Obesity-related cancers |
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