Version June 2024
| Risk factor | Singleton gestations | Twin gestations | ||
| Strength | RR/OR | Strength | RR/OR | |
| Acute etiology | ||||
| Abdominal trauma/accidents | +++ | |||
| Cocaine or other drug abuse (eg, methamphetamine) | +++ | 5.0 to 10.0 | ||
| Polyhydramnios | ++ | 2.0 to 3.0 | ++ | 1.7 |
| Obstetric/medical risk factors | ||||
| Chronic hypertension | ++ | 1.8 to 5.1 | ||
| Preeclampsia/pregnancy-induced hypertension | ++ | 0.4 to 4.5 | ||
| Eclampsia | +++ | 3.0 to 5.5 | ++ | 1.6 to 2.0 |
| Prelabor rupture of membranes | ++ | 1.8 to 5.1 | ++ | 1.5 to 2.5 |
| Chorioamnionitis | ++ | 2.0 to 2.5 | ++ | 1.7 |
| Short umbilical cord | ++ | 1.33 to 1.96 | ||
| Previous ischemic placental disease | ||||
| Preeclampsia | ++ | 1.5 | ||
| Fetal growth restriction/small for gestational age infant | ++ | 1.4 | ||
| Previous abruption | ++++ | 8.0 to 12.0 | ||
| Sociodemographic/behavioral | ||||
| Older maternal age | + | 1.1 to 1.3 | + | 1.1 to 1.4 |
| Multiparity | + | 1.1 to 1.6 | + | 1.1 to 1.7 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | ++ | 1.4 to 2.5 | ++ | 1.7 |
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