Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis through the disease course

Joint inflammation and damage:

Synovial proliferation and joint effusion
Marginal joint erosions
Ligamentous laxity and joint deformity
Impaired physical function and quality of life
Indefinite need for DMARDs

Increased risk for development of other diseases:

Infections
Cardiovascular disease
Malignancies (lymphoma, lung cancer, skin cancers, among others)
Pulmonary disease

Life expectancy of RA less than age- and sex-matched control populations, especially in patients with:

Polyarticular disease
Systemic extraarticular disease
Persistent disease activity (high ESR, CRP, and clinical disease activity measures)
Rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complex positivity
HLA-DRB1 "shared epitope" (especially biallelic)

CRP: C-reactive protein; DMARDs: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.

Graphic 75843 Version 6.0

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Clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis through the disease course

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