Risk of acquisition of bloodborne pathogens

	HBV	HCV	HIV
Seroprevalance, general population	0.42 percent (95 percent CI, 0.32-0.55)	1.8 percent (95 percent CI, 1.5-2.3)	0.31-0.42 percent
Seroprevalance in healthcare providers compared to general population	Increased in the past	Similar	Similar
Viral particles/mL of serum or plasma	10²-10⁸	1->10⁶	1-10⁷
Risk of infection by mode of exposure
Percutaneous	6-30 percent	1.8 percent (range, 0-7 percent)	0.3 percent (95 percent CI, 0.2-0.5)
Mucosal	Risk not quantified, transmission documented	Risk not quantified, transmission documented	0.09 percent (95 percent CI, 0.006-0.5)
Nonintact skin	Risk not quantified, transmission not documented	Risk not quantified, transmission not documented	<0.1 percent, risk not completely quantified
Human bite	Risk not quantified, transmission documented	Risk not quantified, transmission documented	Risk not quantified, transmission documented
Infective material leading to HCW infection
Documented	Blood, blood products	Blood, immunoglobulin preparations	Blood, blood products, bloody fluids
Possible	Semen, vaginal fluid, bloody fluids, saliva	Bloody products, bloody fluids, semen, vaginal fluid	Semen, vaginal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, exudates, serosal fluids, amniotic fluid, saliva (during dental exams)
Unlikely	Urine, feces	Saliva, urine, feces	Saliva, urine, feces

Courtesy of David Weber, MD, MPH.

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